[amsat-bb] ANS-327 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins for Nov. 22
Alfredos (fredy) Damkalis
fredy at fredy.gr
Sun Nov 22 02:27:59 UTC 2020
Hello,
I would like to comment that there is evidence[1] from SatNOGS
observations that spacetrack has mis-identified the satellites Bobcat-1
and SPOC. Actually, their NORAD IDs should be swapped. More recent
analysis by Nico Janssen, PA0DLO[2] confirms these results.
In other news regarding this deployment, the NEUTRON-1 satellite is
alive[3] but not in a normal mode. Its transmissions are irregular, so
any reception by the amateur community would be very helpful for the team.
73,
fredy
[1]
https://community.libre.space/t/ng-14-elana-31-launch-and-deployment-information/6529/69
[2] https://twitter.com/HAMSATNL/status/1330259544941924354
[3]
https://community.libre.space/t/ng-14-elana-31-launch-and-deployment-information/6529/70
On 11/22/20 2:00 AM, Mark Johns, K0JM via AMSAT-BB wrote:
> AMSAT NEWS SERVICE
> ANS-327
>
> The AMSAT News Service bulletins are a free, weekly news and infor-
> mation service of AMSAT, The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation. ANS
> publishes news related to Amateur Radio in Space including reports on
> the activities of a worldwide group of Amateur Radio operators who
> share an active interest in designing, building, launching and commun-
> icating through analog and digital Amateur Radio satellites.
>
> The news feed on http://www.amsat.org publishes news of Amateur
> Radio in Space as soon as our volunteers can post it.
>
> Please send any amateur satellite news or reports to:
> ans-editor at amsat.org
>
> You can sign up for free e-mail delivery of the AMSAT News Service
> Bulletins via the ANS List; to join this list see:
> http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/ans
>
> In this edition:
>
> * SpaceX Dragon Capsule Ferries Four Radio Amateurs to the ISS
> * September/October Issue Of The AMSAT Journal Is Now Available
> * New Launch Date for EASAT-2 and Hades Satellites
> * Arecibo Observatory Faces Demolition After Cable Failures
> * DX Portable Operation Planned From Thailand Grid NK99
> * Human Error Blamed For Vega Launch Failure
> * Changes to AMSAT-NA TLE Distribution for November 19
> * Moscow Aviation Institute Plans SSTV Event from ISS
> * ARISS News
> * Upcoming Satellite Operations
> * Hamfests, Conventions, Maker Faires, and Other Events
> * Satellite Shorts From All Over
>
>
> SB SAT @ AMSAT $ANS-327.01
> ANS-327 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins
>
> AMSAT News Service Bulletin 327.01
> From AMSAT HQ KENSINGTON, MD.
> DATE 2020 November 22
> To All RADIO AMATEURS
> BID: $ANS-327.01
>
>
> SpaceX Dragon Capsule Ferries Four Radio Amateurs to the ISS
>
> A SpaceX Dragon capsule carrying four radio amateurs autonomously
> docked on November 17 at 0401 UTC with the International Space Station
> (ISS). A SpaceX Falcon 9 launcher carrying the precious payload went
> into space on Sunday, November 15, from NASA's Kennedy Space Center.
> They comprise the ISS Expedition 64/65 crew.
>
> "Well, the ISS is loaded with hams now," Amateur Radio on the Inter-
> national Space Station (ARISS) US Delegate for ARRL Rosalie White,
> K1STO, said on Tuesday. "These four arrived very early this morning
> Eastern Time: NASA astronauts Victor Glover, KI5BKC; Mike Hopkins,
> KF5LJG, and Shannon Walker, KD5DXB, as well as Japan Aerospace Explora-
> tion Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi, KD5TVP." This marks
> Glover's first time in space. The others all are ISS veterans.
>
> Earlier this year, NASA ISS Ham Project Coordinator Kenneth Ransom,
> N5VHO, held amateur radio licensing study sessions for Glover, who
> passed the Technician-class exam on August 20.
>
> The four will remain on station until next spring. They joined Expedi-
> tion 64 Commander Sergey Ryzhikov and Flight Engineer Sergey Kud-
> Sverchkov of the Russian space agency Roscosmos, on the ISS.
>
> White said all but Noguchi likely will take part in ARISS contacts with
> schools. White said the first school contact is tentatively scheduled
> for December 4 with Tecumseh High School in Oklahoma, home of the
> Tecumseh High School Amateur Radio Club, K5THS. She said the students
> have earned their ham licenses, and the club has built an antenna and
> is learning about satellites and circuits. Members of the South Cana-
> dian Amateur Radio Society of Norman, Oklahoma, are providing support
> and mentoring assistance.
>
> The Sunday launch from Kennedy Space Center marked only the second
> crewed-flight for the SpaceX Crew Dragon, which became the first commer-
> cial vehicle to put humans into orbit when astronauts Doug Hurley and
> Bob Behnken, KE5GGX, launched in May, and NASA gave SpaceX the go for
> future such launches.
>
> "The return of human spaceflight to the United States with one of the
> safest, most advanced systems ever built is a turning point for Amer-
> ica's future space exploration," SpaceX claimed, "and it lays the
> groundwork for missions to the moon, Mars, and beyond."
>
> (ANS thanks ARRL for the above information)
>
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>
> Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the AMSAT office
> is closed until further notice. For details, please visit
> https://www.amsat.org/amsat-office-closed-until-further-notice/
>
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>
> September/October Issue Of The AMSAT Journal Is Now Available
>
> The September/October 2020 issue of The AMSAT Journal is now available
> to members on AMSAT’s Member Portal (https://launch.amsat.org/)
>
> The AMSAT Journal is a bi-monthly magazine for amateur radio in space
> enthusiasts, published by the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation
> (AMSAT). Each issue is your source for hardware and software projects,
> technical tips, STEM initiatives, operational activities, and news
> from around the world.
>
> Inside the Current Issue:
> - Apogee View - Robert Bankston, KE4AL
> - Engineering Update – Jerry Buxton, N0JY
> - Educational Relations Update - Alan Johnston, KU2Y
> - A Guide to the AMSAT CubeSatSim - Alan Johnston, KU2Y; Pat Kilroy,
> N8PK; Jim McLaughlin, KI6ZUM; David White, WD6DRI
> - User Services Update – Robert Bankston, KE4AL
> - For Beginners — Amateur Radio Satellite Primer VII – Keith Baker,
> KB1SF/VA3KSF
> - A 3D-Printed Parasitic Lindenblad Antenna for 70 cm - Times Two! -
> Curt Laumann, K7ZOO; Zach Metzinger, N0ZGO
> - In Search of the Ultimate DX - Scott Tilley, VE7TIL
>
>
> [ANS thanks Paul Stoetzer, N8HM, AMSAT Executive VP, for the above
> information]
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> New Launch Date for EASAT-2 and Hades Satellites
>
> AMSAT-EA President Felix Paez, EA4GQS, has announced the scheduled
> launch date for AMSAT-EA satellites EASAT-2 and HADES. Flying with
> SpaceX, the two nanosats are scheduled for launch on January 14, 2021.
> They have been already delivered and integrated on the Alba Orbital
> deployer.
>
> The satellites have been configured to act as FM voice and FSK data
> repeaters and not as linear transponders as was the initial plan. In
> any case, they are believed to be the smallest satellites ever given
> such a function, as their size is only 7.5 x 5 x 5 cm.
>
> Hades also flies a SSTV camera that will take and send pictures each 15
> minutes. The camera module design is based on the one used in the PSAT2
> satellite, adapted for AMSAT-EA by the Brno University of Technology.
>
> Hades – FM voice repeater, callsign AM6SAT
> uplink 145.925 MHz (no tone), downlink 436.888 MHz
> EASAT-2 – FM voice repeater, callsign AM5SAT
> uplink 145.875 MHz (no tone), downlink 436.666 MHz
> Both satellites have also digitized FM voice beacons and FSK data re-
> peaters.
>
> These are the first satellites built by AMSAT-EA, with the project
> leaders being all Spanish radio amateurs and almost all the engineering
> made by radio amateurs with help of students of two universities. While
> AMSAT-EA doesn't have the flight heritage of other AMSAT organizations,
> this is an important step for the organization as it moves to improve
> skills in order to build better satellites for the radio amateur satel-
> lite service in the future.
>
> More information and photos of these and other upcoming AMSAT-EA pro-
> jects is available at https://bit.ly/3lNjTJq
>
> [ANS thanks AMSAT-EA for the above information]
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Arecibo Observatory Faces Demolition After Cable Failures
>
> After withstanding hurricanes and earthquakes, playing central roles
> in movies like “GoldenEye” and “Contact,” Puerto Rico’s famed Arecibo
> Observatory, once the largest radio telescope in the world, will be
> demolished because of cable failures that left its huge detector plat-
> form too unstable to attempt repairs.
>
> “After reviewing the engineering assessment, we have found no path for-
> ward that would allow us to do so safely,” said Sean Jones, assistant
> director for the Mathematical and Physical Sciences Directorate at the
> National Science Foundation.
>
> “We know that a delay in decision making leaves the entire facility at
> risk of an uncontrolled collapse, unnecessarily jeopardizing people and
> also the additional facilities.”
>
> Operated by the NSF through the University of Central Florida, the
> iconic observatory is made up of a fixed 1,000-foot-wide dish antenna
> built into a bowl-like depression that reflects radio waves or radar
> beams to a 900-ton instrument platform suspended 450 feet above by
> cables stretching from three support towers.
>
> For 57 years, the observatory has played a leading role observing deep
> space targets, bodies in the solar system and, using powerful lasers,
> the composition and behavior of Earth’s upper atmosphere.
>
> But the beginning of the end came on Aug. 10 when an auxiliary cable
> installed in the 1990s pulled free of its socket on one support tower
> and crashed onto the dish below, ripping a 100-foot-long gash.
>
> Engineers were developing repair plans when one of the main 3-inch-wide
> cables attached to the same tower unexpectedly snapped on Nov. 6,
> causing the instrument platform to tilt and putting additional stress
> on the remaining cables.
>
> An analysis showed the cable failed in calm weather at about 60 percent
> of of its minimum breaking strength. Inspections of other cables showed
> fresh wire breaks and slippage in several auxiliary cable sockets that
> were added to the structure in the 1990s.
>
> An engineering firm hired by the University of Central Florida to
> assess the structure concluded it would be unsafe to proceed with
> repairs. Even stress tests to determine the strength of the remaining
> cables could trigger a catastrophic collapse.
>
> Instead, engineers recommended a controlled demolition, bringing down
> the suspended instrument platform in a way that will prevent damage to
> other structures at the periphery of the dish by making sure the towers
> themselves don’t collapse and by ensuring no cables whip into those
> structures.
>
> “The telescope is at serious risk of an unexpected, uncontrolled col-
> lapse,” said Ralph Gaume, director of NSF’s Division of Astronomical
> Sciences. “According to engineering assessment, even attempted stabil-
> ization, or testing the table could result in accelerating the catas-
> trophic failure.
>
> “Engineers cannot tell us the safety margin of the structure, but they
> have advised NSF that the structure will collapse in the near future
> on its own.”
>
> Plans for bringing down the instrument platform have not yet been fin-
> alized and it’s not yet known whether explosives will be used in a
> controlled demolition or whether it might be possible to somehow lower
> the platform to the dish below.
>
> However it plays out, the 1,000-foot-wide telescope will essentially
> be destroyed. While the laser facility and visitor’s center will hope-
> fully be preserved, the radio telescope itself will be no more.
>
> [ANS thanks SpaceflightNow for the above information]
>
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>
> Need new satellite antennas? Purchase Arrows, Alaskan Arrows,
> and M2 LEO-Packs from the AMSAT Store. When you purchase through
> AMSAT, a portion of the proceeds goes towards
> Keeping Amateur Radio in Space.
> https://amsat.org/product-category/hardware/
>
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>
> DX Portable Operation Planned From Thailand Grid NK99
>
> The Thailand’s Amateur Radio Satellite group (AMSAT-HS) has requested
> permission to establish a temporary station (DX portable) with the
> northern office of the NBTC, Thailand’s regulator, in Chiang Mai and
> Mae Hong Son (grid NK99) provinces in the north of Thailand during the
> period from November 26-28, 2020 to communicate via All LEO and MEO
> amateur radio satellites (including QO-100 NB) that pass over Thailand
> using the callsign HS0AJ/P of the Radio Amateur Society of Thailand
> under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.
>
> Hence we would like to notify all radio amateurs who would interested
> in contacting stations in Thailand on its northern border of this ac-
> tivity. Even if the angle is as low as 0 degrees please try to contact
> us. We hope to meet you on all satellites frequency then.
>
> Operator by: E21EJC KoB and HS1JAN NaN
>
> [ANS thanks Tanan Rangseeprom, HS1JAN, for the above information]
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Human Error Blamed For Vega Launch Failure
>
> Arianespace executives said Nov. 17 that the failure of a Vega launch
> the previous day was caused when the rocket’s upper stage tumbled out
> of control due to incorrectly installed cables in a control system.
>
> In a call with reporters, Roland Lagier, chief technical officer of
> Arianespace, said the first three stages of the Vega rocket performed
> normally after liftoff from Kourou, French Guiana, at 8:52 p.m. Eastern
> Nov. 16. The Avum upper stage then separated and ignited its engine.
>
> However, “straightaway after ignition” of the upper stage, he said, the
> vehicle started to tumble out of control. “This loss of control was
> permanent, inducing significant tumbling behavior, and then the trajec-
> tory started to deviate rapidly from the nominal one, leading to the
> loss of the mission.”
>
> Analysis of the telemetry from the mission, along with data from the
> production of the vehicle, led them to conclude that cables to two
> thrust vector control actuators were inverted. Commands intended to go
> to one actuator went instead to the other, triggering the loss of con-
> trol.
>
> “This was clearly a production and quality issue, a series of human
> errors, and not a design one,” Lagier said.
>
> The failure caused the loss of two spacecraft, the SEOSAT-Ingenio Earth
> observation satellite for Spain and the TARANIS satellite for France to
> study electromagnetic phenomena in the upper atmosphere. [No amateur
> satellites were involved -- Ed.]
>
> [ANS thanks SpaceNews for the above information]
>
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>
> Want to fly the colors on your own grid expedition?
> Get your AMSAT car flag and other neat stuff
> from our Zazzle store!
> 25% of the purchase price of each product goes
> towards Keeping Amateur Radio in Space
> https://www.zazzle.com/amsat_gear
>
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>
> Changes to AMSAT-NA TLE Distribution for November 19
>
> The following satellites have been and added to this week's AMSAT-NA
> TLE Distribution:
>
> SALSAT - NORAD Cat ID 46495.
> Bobcat-1 - NORAD Cat ID 46921.
> SPOC - NORAD Cat ID 46922.
> Thanks to Nico Janssen, PA0DLO, for verfying the NORAD Cat ID's for
> the above satellites.
>
> The following satellite has decayed from orbit and has been removed
> from this week's AMSAT-NA TLE Distribution:
>
> BHUTAN 1 - NORAD Cat ID 43591 (Decayed on November 18, 2020 per Space-
> Track)
>
> [ANS thanks Ray Hoad, WA5QGD, AMSAT Orbital Elements Manager, for the
> above information]
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Moscow Aviation Institute Plans SSTV Event from ISS
>
> Rodolfo Parisio, IW2BSF, reports that a Slow-Scan Television (SSTV)
> transmission event from the International Space Station is currently
> scheduled to begin on Tuesday, Dec. 1 starting at 12:30 UTC, ending at
> 18:25 UTC, and again on Wednesday, Dec. 2 starting at 11:50 UTC and
> ending at 18:25 UTC.
>
> Listen for SSTV signals to be downlinked at 145.800 MHz +/- Doppler
> shift. The mode of transmission is expected to be PD 120. These times
> will allow for one pass over the Eastern USA near the end of the sched-
> uled times. Received images of reasonable quality can be posted at the
> ARISS SSTV Gallery at https://www.spaceflightsoftware.com/ARISS_SSTV/
>
> Future updates on this event will be posted @ARISS_status on Twitter.
>
> [ANS thanks Rodolfo Parisio, IW2BSF, for the above information]
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> ARISS NEWS
>
> Amateurs and others around the world may listen in on contacts between
> amateurs operating in schools and allowing students to interact with
> astronauts and cosmonauts aboard the International Space Station. The
> downlink frequency on which to listen is 145.800 MHz worldwide.
>
> A school contact has been scheduled with Amur State University, Blago-
> veshchensk, Russia, direct via a ground station to be determined. This
> contact will be heard over Russian and other parts of Europe on 145.800
> MHz on Thursday, Dec. 3 at 08:45 UTC The ISS callsign is presently
> scheduled to be RSØISS and the scheduled cosmonaut is Sergey Ryzhikov.
>
> Welcome aboard to SpaceX-Crew 1 now on orbit! Victor Glover, KI5BKC,
> Mike Hopkins, KF5LJG, Soichi Noguchi, KD5TVP, and Shannon Walker,
> KD5DXB, have joined Kate Rubins, KG5FYJ, and the two cosmonauts,
> Sergey Ryzhikov and Sergey Kud-Sverchkov.
>
> [ANS thanks Charlie Sufana, AJ9N, one of the ARISS operation team men-
> tors for the above information]
>
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>
> AMSAT, along with our ARISS partners, is developing an amateur
> radio package, including two-way communication capability, to
> be carried on-board Gateway in lunar orbit.
>
> Support AMSAT's projects today at https://www.amsat.org/donate/
>
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>
> Upcoming Satellite Operations
>
> Upcoming Roves:
> Quick Hits:
>
> Watch Twitter, there are lots pop-up roves happening lately, and I
> can’t keep this page updated with all of them.
>
> FM26/27/28, @N5BO With 6 days off coming up I’m trying to finalize some
> plans, but as of now I’m looking to head out late next week for the
> FM26/27/28 area, with a couple grid stops on the way up. I’m also
> looking at a possible detour on the way back home through the EM97
> area. More to come…
>
> KH67, 7Q7RU, AO-7, RS-44, QO-100, 11/11 thru 11/21.
>
> Major Roves:
>
> AD0HJ’s #CoronaReliefThanksgivingMegaRoveBlowout: Not seeing any major
> roves scheduled for the dates 11/21 – 11/27 so he will be heading south
> to green up some Kansas style grids starting Saturday evening. More
> details to come over the next few days: EN00,10: EM18/19 : EM08/DM99 :
> DM97/EM07 : DM96/EM06 : EM17/EM18 : EM29/EM39. A list of passes here:
> https://twitter.com/AD0HJ/status/1328883186139590656
>
> Please submit any additions or corrections to Ke0pbr (at) gmail.com
>
> [ANS thanks Paul Overn, KE0PBR, AMSAT rover page manager, for the
> above information]
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Hamfests, Conventions, Maker Faires, and Other Events
>
> Clint Bradford K6LCS has booked his “Work the FM Voice Satellites With
> Minimal Equipment” presentation for the clubs.
>
> TBD – Antelope Valley (CA) ARC
>
> TBD – A private presentation for a Boy Scout troop in Danville, Penn.
>
> These will be Zoom presentations. Everyone is asked to update their
> copies of the Zoom application – by directly visiting Zoom.us.
>
> Clint is conducting “working the easy satellites” sessions via Zoom on
> November 19, 2020 at 7pm Pacific. If you are interested in attending,
> please send him a private email for exact times and Zoom meeting
> number!
>
> [ANS thanks Paul Overn, KE0PBR, AMSAT Events page manager, for the
> above information]
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Satellite Shorts From All Over
>
> + Happy 7th birthday to AO-73, FUNcube-1, which was launched on Novem-
> ber 21,2013. Congratulations to AMSAT-UK on the ongoing success of
> this project. (ANS thanks AMSAT-UK for the above information)
>
> + South Dublin Radio Club has uploaded its latest video to the club's
> YouTube channel. The video was created for Science Week in collabor-
> ation with Dublin Maker & Science Foundation Ireland and is called
> "Signals from Outerspace! Make your own antenna to get images from
> Weather Satellites." It is designed as a beginner's radio project and
> instructs viewers on how to construct a very simple V-dipole for 137
> MHz, demonstrating how it can be utilised along with a basic SDR and
> computer in order to decode images from NOAA Weather satellites. It's
> available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8doUGhNKzdY
> (ANS thanks Southgate ARC for the above information)
>
> + Sean Kutzko, KX9X, is creating a series of YouTube videos for the DX
> Engineering channel beginning with "How and Why to Get Started in Op-
> erating Amateur Radio Satellites." Later episodes build on the con-
> cepts in the first. See the first episode at:
> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vp7h4ikthDQ
> (ANS thanks Sean Kutzko, KX9X, for the above information)
>
> + APSS-1, a 1U CubeSat mission with deployable solar panels, built by
> The University of Auckland (New Zealand), Faculty of Engineering, was
> launched on November 20. The satellite is intended for monitoring of
> ionosphere activity and transmission of processed data to ground
> stations using a 9k6 GMSK AX 25 downlink on 435.100 MHz. APSS-1 will
> start transmitting 45 minutes after deployment, and will only beacon
> every 5 minutes initially.
> (ANS thanks Mark Jessop, VK5QI, for the above information)
>
> + The Rocket Lab flight that took APSS-1 to orbit (see immediately
> above) was notable because Rocket Lab says the first stage of its
> Electron launcher splashed down under parachute in the Pacific Ocean
> off New Zealand after firing into space with 30 small satellites, be-
> coming only the second private company to return an orbital-class
> booster to Earth intact. The privately-developed Electron rocket has
> flown 16 times, including Thursday’s mission, but this was the first
> time an Electron rocket flew with parachutes to attempt a full series
> of descent maneuvers.
> (ANS thanks SpaceflightNow for the above information)
>
> + NASA "Scan" on Facebook has published a note about ARISS and its 20
> years. Look for their post dated on November 16 at:
> https://www.facebook.com/NASASCaN and add a comment to let them know
> that we amateur radio ops are here and that it was great they had
> dedicated a post to ARISS and to all hams!
> (ANS thanks Fernando Casanova, EC1AME, for the above information)
>
> + Talks from the DEF CON event are available on YouTube, they include
> a number of amateur radio talks from the conference's Ham Radio Vil*
> lage. Among the amateur radio talks is "Talking to Satellites" by
> Eric Escobar, KJ6OHH. See the playlist at: https://bit.ly/3fpuwzO
> (ANS thanks Southgate ARC for the above information)
>
> + Hawaii Space Flight Laboratory (HSFL) has updated TLEs for Neutron-1.
> HSFL appreciates the amateur community who have been listening for
> Neutron-1’s beacon, and wish to be notified of amateurs still listen-
> ing for the beacon at n1-info at hsfl.hawaii.edu. The new TLEs and other
> bulletins may be found at https://www.hsfl.hawaii.edu/
> (ANS thanks HSFL and JoAnne Maenpaa, K9JKM, for the above information)
>
> + Open Research Institute has announced AmbaSat Inspired Sensors as a
> formal ORI project. To read the proposal document, visit:
> https://bit.ly/2KrpcQZ The first work session expected December 2020
> to May 2021 centered at Villanova University. The Principal Investi-
> gator is Dr. Alan Johnston.
> (ANS thanks Michelle Thompson, W5NYV, AMSAT Board Member, for the
> above information)
>
> + Dave Johnson, G4DPZ, gave an online satellite talk to the Mid Ulster
> Amateur Radio Club on Nov. 10. The video is now available for every-
> one to watch on YouTube. The talk covered the many amateur satellites
> in Low Earth Orbit that operate in the 145 MHz and 435 MHz satellite
> bands as well as the QO-100 geostationary satellite which uses the
> 2.4 GHz and 10 GHz bands. Also covered were the new Inter-Operable
> Radio System which has recently been installed in the ISS Columbus
> module and Gateway Amateur Radio Exploration (AREx). Watch it at:
> https://bit.ly/3pNKSXJ
> (ANS thanks AMSAT-UK for the above information)
>
>
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> /EX
>
> In addition to regular membership, AMSAT offers membership in the
> President's Club. Members of the President's Club, as sustaining
> donors to AMSAT Project Funds, will be eligible to receive addi-
> tional benefits. Application forms are available from the AMSAT
> Office.
>
> Primary and secondary school students are eligible for membership
> at one-half the standard yearly rate. Post-secondary school students
> enrolled in at least half time status shall be eligible for the stu-
> dent rate for a maximum of 6 post-secondary years in this status.
> Contact Martha at the AMSAT Office for additional student membership
> information.
>
> 73 and Remember to help keep amateur radio in space,
> This week's ANS Editor, Mark D. Johns, K0JM
>
> k0jm at amsat dot org
> _______________________________________________
> Sent via AMSAT-BB at amsat.org. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions expressed
> are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of AMSAT-NA.
> Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
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